export PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
export IFS=$' \t\n'

mkdir -p ~/Desktop/TestDir
touch ~/Desktop/TestDir/file{1,2,3,4,5}.txt
open ~/Desktop/TestDir

cd ~/Desktop/TestDir

touch -i

touch ~/Desktop/TestDir/-i

touch -- -i
chmod 000 -i
touch -- --i.txt
chmod 000 --i.txt

rm -f -i
rm -f -i -R *

rm -f -- -i
rm -f -- --i.txt

#rm -f ./-i
#rm -f ./--i.txt

rm -f -i -R *

var visitorName = "Chuck";
var myOldString = "Hello username! I hope you enjoy your stay username.";
var myNewString = myOldString.replace("username", visitorName);

document.write("Old string =  " + myOldString); 
document.write("<br />New string = " + myNewString);

export PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin
export IFS=$' \t\n'

# download & install flip
cd ~/Desktop
curl -L -O http://ccrma-www.stanford.edu/~craig/utility/flip/flip.osx
mv ~/Desktop/flip.osx ~/Desktop/flip
/usr/bin/sudo /bin/cp -ip ~/Desktop/flip /usr/bin
/usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown root:wheel /usr/bin/flip
/usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod +x /usr/bin/flip
ls -l /usr/bin/flip

flip
flip -t /path/to/file     # display current file type
flip -u /path/to/file     # convert to Unix: "\n"
flip -d /path/to/file     # convert to MS-DOS/Windows: "\r\n"
flip -m /path/to/file     # convert to Macintosh (OS 9): "\r"


#----------------------------------


# create a test file

testfile="${HOME}/Desktop/testfile.txt"

function createfile() {
   testfile="${HOME}/Desktop/testfile.txt"
   /usr/bin/jot -b 'sample text' 10 | /bin/cat -n > "$testfile"
   # append a line with a '\r\n' line separator
   printf "%s\r\n\r\n\r\r\n" "sample text" >> "$testfile"      
   # append a last line without a terminating '\n'
   printf "%s" "sample text" >> "$testfile"          
   return 0
}


function odcfile() {

/usr/bin/od -A n -c < "$@" | /usr/bin/sed -E -e 's/^[[:space:]]{11}//' \
       -e s/[[:space:]]{4}/$'\001'/g \
       -e 's/[[:space:]]+//g' | \
       /usr/bin/tr -d '\n' | /usr/bin/tr '\001' ' ' | \
       /usr/bin/sed -e s/\\\\n/$'\\\\\\n\\\n'/g 

return 0
}


createfile
odcfile "$testfile"
flip -t "$testfile"     # display current file type

flip -d "$testfile"     # convert to MS-DOS/Windows: "\r\n"
flip -t "$testfile"
odcfile "$testfile"

flip -m "$testfile"     # convert to Macintosh (OS 9): "\r"
flip -t "$testfile"
odcfile "$testfile"

flip -u "$testfile"     # convert to Unix: "\n"
flip -t "$testfile"
odcfile "$testfile"

perl Makefile.PL DESTDIR=/path/to/install/dir PREFIX="" INSTALL_BASE="/"

var fireOnThis = document.getElementById('someID');
if( document.createEvent ) {
  var evObj = document.createEvent('MouseEvents');
  evObj.initEvent( 'mousemove', true, false );
  fireOnThis.dispatchEvent(evObj);
} else if( document.createEventObject ) {
  fireOnThis.fireEvent('onmousemove');
}

//*** This code is copyright 2003 by Gavin Kistner, gavin@refinery.com
//*** It is covered under the license viewable at http://phrogz.net/JS/_ReuseLicense.txt
//*** Reuse or modification is free provided you abide by the terms of that license.
//*** (Including the first two lines above in your source code satisfies the conditions.)


//***Cross browser attach event function. For 'evt' pass a string value with the leading "on" omitted
//***e.g. AttachEvent(window,'load',MyFunctionNameWithoutParenthesis,false);

function AttachEvent(obj,evt,fnc,useCapture){
	if (!useCapture) useCapture=false;
	if (obj.addEventListener){
		obj.addEventListener(evt,fnc,useCapture);
		return true;
	} else if (obj.attachEvent) return obj.attachEvent("on"+evt,fnc);
	else{
		MyAttachEvent(obj,evt,fnc);
		obj['on'+evt]=function(){ MyFireEvent(obj,evt) };
	}
} 

//The following are for browsers like NS4 or IE5Mac which don't support either
//attachEvent or addEventListener
function MyAttachEvent(obj,evt,fnc){
	if (!obj.myEvents) obj.myEvents={};
	if (!obj.myEvents[evt]) obj.myEvents[evt]=[];
	var evts = obj.myEvents[evt];
	evts[evts.length]=fnc;
}
function MyFireEvent(obj,evt){
	if (!obj || !obj.myEvents || !obj.myEvents[evt]) return;
	var evts = obj.myEvents[evt];
	for (var i=0,len=evts.length;i<len;i++) evts[i]();
}

# delete newlines
printf "a\nb\nc\nd\ne\nf" | sed -n -e 'l'
printf "a\nb\nc\nd\ne\nf" | sed -E -e :a -e '$!N; s/\n//g; ta'

printf "a\n\nb" | sed -n -e 'l'
printf "a\n\nb" | sed -E -e :a -e '$!N; s/\n//g; ta' | sed -n -e 'l'
printf "a\n\nb" | sed -E -e :a -e '$!N; s/\n$//g; ta' | sed -n -e 'l'
printf "a\n\n\n\n\n\nb" | sed -E -e :a -e '$!N; s/\n$//g; ta' | sed -n -e 'l'


# delete carriage returns
printf "he\r\rllo\n" | sed -n -e 'l'
printf "he\r\rllo\n" | sed -e s/$'\r'//g | sed -n -e 'l'
printf "he\r\rllo\n" | sed -e s/$'\r\r'/$'\r'/g | sed -n -e 'l'

CR=$'\r'
printf "hello\r\r\n" | sed "s/$CR$CR$/$CR/g" | sed -n -e 'l'


# alternatives
printf "a\nb\nc\nd\ne\nf" | tr -d '\n'

# cf. http://linux.dsplabs.com.au/rmnl-remove-new-line-characters-tr-awk-perl-sed-c-cpp-bash-python-xargs-ghc-ghci-haskell-sam-ssam-p65/
while read -d $'\n'; do echo -n "${REPLY} "; done < <((printf "a\nb\nc\nd\ne\nf"))
while read -d $'\n'; do printf "%s   " "${REPLY}"; done < <((printf "a\nb\nc\nd\ne\nf"))

xargs echo < <((printf "a\nb\nc\nd\ne\nf"))
xargs printf "%s " < <((printf "a\nb\nc\nd\ne\nf"))

printf "a\nb\nc\nd\ne\nf" | /usr/bin/paste -s -d ' ' -     # cf. man paste

# delete newlines in-place (also see below)
vim -e -s +':%j' +'w!' +'qa!' /path/to/file

# insert newlines again
printf "%s\n" "hello" | sed -e s/l/$'\\\n'/g | sed -n -e 'l'
printf "he\r\rllo\n" | sed -e s/$'\r\r'/$'\r'/g | sed -n -e 'l'


#---------------------------------------


# create test files

testfile="${HOME}/Desktop/testfile.txt"
output="${HOME}/Desktop/output.txt"

function createfiles() {

testfile="${HOME}/Desktop/testfile.txt"
output="${HOME}/Desktop/output.txt"

/usr/bin/touch "$output"

#/usr/bin/jot -b 'sample text' 10 | /bin/cat > "$testfile"
/usr/bin/jot -b 'sample text' 10 | /bin/cat -n > "$testfile"
printf "%s\r\n\r\n\r\r\n" "sample text" >> "$testfile"      # append a line with a '\r\n' line separator
printf "%s" "sample text" >> "$testfile"          # append a last line without a terminating '\n'

return 0
}

createfiles


# inspect test file

cat -vet "$testfile"
ed -s "$testfile" <<< $',l'
sed -n -e 'l'  "$testfile"
ruby -n -e 'p $_.to_s' < "$testfile"


function odcfile() {

/usr/bin/od -A n -c < "$@" | /usr/bin/sed -E -e 's/^[[:space:]]{11}//' \
       -e s/[[:space:]]{4}/$'\001'/g \
       -e 's/[[:space:]]+//g' | \
       /usr/bin/tr -d '\n' | /usr/bin/tr '\001' ' ' | \
       /usr/bin/sed -e s/\\\\n/$'\\\\\\n\\\n'/g 

return 0
}


odcfile "$testfile"


# remove newlines "\n"

# create a new file with newline characters replaced with a space
sed -e :a -e '$!N; s/\n/ /g; ta' "$testfile" > "$output"
odcfile "$output"

# same, but in-place
sed -i "" -e :a -e '$!N; s/\n/ /g; ta' "$testfile"
odcfile "$testfile"

createfiles

# delete newlines in-place
sed -i "" -e :a -e '$!N; s/\n//g; ta' "$testfile"
odcfile "$testfile"

createfiles

# alternative for creating a new file without newlines
tr -d '\n' < "$testfile" > "$output"
odcfile "$output"



# delete carriage returns "\r"

# create a new file with carriage returns deleted
sed -e s/$'\r'//g "$testfile" > "$output"
sed -e s/$'\r'$//g "$testfile" > "$output"  # only at line end
odcfile "$output"

# alternative
tr -d '\r' < "$testfile" > "$output"
odcfile "$output"


# delete carriage returns in-place

sed -i "" -e s/$'\r'//g "$testfile" > "$output"
odcfile "$testfile"

createfiles

# cf. http://bash-hackers.org/wiki/doku.php?id=howto:edit-ed (Pitfalls)
ed -s "$testfile" <<< $'H\n,g/\r/s/\r//\n,w'      # delete one carriage return in a line
ed -s "$testfile" <<< $'H\n,g/\r/s/\r//g\n,w'     # delete all carriage returns in a line
ed -s "$testfile" <<< $'H\n,g/\r$/s/\r$//g\n,w'   # delete a carriage return at line end

odcfile "$testfile"



printf "\n" | od -A n -c
printf "\012" | od -A n -c
printf "\x0a" | od -A n -c

printf '[ctrl-v][ctrl-j]' | od -A n -c      #  \n or ^J


printf "\r" | od -A n -c
printf "\015" | od -A n -c
printf "\x0d" | od -A n -c

printf '[ctrl-v][ctrl-j]' | od -A n -c      #  \r or ^M


# vim
createfiles

vim "$testfile"
#...
:set number
:set list
:%s/^M//g
:set fileformat=unix
#:set fileformat=dos
:x

odcfile "$testfile"


# edit files in-place with vim

createfiles

# delete newlines in-place
vim -e -s +':%j' +'w!' +'qa!' "$testfile"
odcfile "$output"

createfiles

# replace every \r with \n
# cf. http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Change_end-of-line_format_for_dos-mac-unix
vim -e -s +':%s/\r/\r/g' +':set fileformat=unix' +'w!' +'qa!' "$testfile"
odcfile "$output"

createfiles

# delete every \r
vim -e -s +':%s/\r//g' +':set fileformat=unix' +'w!' +'qa!' "$testfile"
odcfile "$output"

createfiles

# delete \r only when it occurs at the end of a line
vim -e -s +':%s/\r$//g' +':set fileformat=unix' +'w!' +'qa!' "$testfile"
odcfile "$output"

createfiles

# replace carriage return line endings with \n
# cf. Getting rid of ^M - mixing dos and unix, http://www.vim.org/tips/tip.php?tip_id=26
printf "\r" >> "$testfile"
vim -e -s +':g/\r$/s///g' +':set fileformat=unix' +'w!' +'qa!' "$testfile"
odcfile "$testfile"

createfiles

# delete last \n of file
vim -e -s +':set noeol bin' +':set fileformat=unix' +'w!' +'qa!' "$testfile"
odcfile "$output"

createfiles

# change mixed mode files to DOS mode
#vim -e -s +':%s/\r\r/\r/g' +'w!' +'qa!' "$testfile"
sed -i '' -e s/$'\r\r'/$'\r'/g  "$testfile"
vim -e -s +':e ++ff=dos' +'w!' +'qa!' "$testfile"
vim -e -s +':e ++ff=dos' +':set ff=dos' +'w!' +'qa!' "$testfile"
odcfile "$output"

vim "$testfile"
:set ff?
:x

function trim(stringToTrim) {
	return stringToTrim.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g,"");
}
function ltrim(stringToTrim) {
	return stringToTrim.replace(/^\s+/,"");
}
function rtrim(stringToTrim) {
	return stringToTrim.replace(/\s+$/,"");
}

// example of using trim, ltrim, and rtrim
var myString = " hello my name is ";
alert("*"+trim(myString)+"*");
alert("*"+ltrim(myString)+"*");
alert("*"+rtrim(myString)+"*");

if(($bit_comparison & $bit) == TRUE)
{
    // do something
}

# open directory of a file path
# can be used together with the [esc-.] key sequence
function odf() { /usr/bin/open "$(/usr/bin/dirname "$@")"; return 0; }

# cd to the directory of a file path
function cdf() { cd "$(/usr/bin/dirname "$@")"; return 0; }


ls -l /Library/Desktop\ Pictures/Nature/Tranquil\ Surface.jpg
ls -l /System/Library/CoreServices/CoreTypes.bundle/Contents/Resources/ExecutableBinaryIcon.icns 

odf [esc-.]
cdf [esc-.]


odf /System/Library/SystemProfiler/SPFirewallReporter.spreporter/Contents/Resources/
cdf /System/Library/SystemProfiler/SPFirewallReporter.spreporter/Contents/Resources/English.lproj/Localizable.strings