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man 8 route /sbin/route -n get default /sbin/route -n get default | grep -w gateway /sbin/route -n get default | grep interface | awk '{print $NF}' /usr/bin/dig +short www.web_site.com # get IPNUM /usr/bin/sudo /sbin/route -n add -host IPNUM 127.0.0.1 -blackhole # block IPNUM /usr/sbin/netstat -rn | grep IPNUM # show routing table /usr/bin/sudo /sbin/route delete IPNUM 127.0.0.1 # undo blocking function blocksite() { declare ipaddr ipnum if [[ "${1//localhost/}" == '' ]] || [[ "${1//127.0.0.1/}" == '' ]]; then printf "%s\n" 'Argument "localhost" is not permitted!' return 1 fi ipnum=$(/usr/bin/dig +short "${1}" | /usr/bin/sed -E -n -e 's/^(([[:digit:]]{1,3}\.){3}[[:digit:]]{1,3})$/\1/p'; exit ${PIPESTATUS[0]}) if [[ $? -ne 0 ]] || [[ -z "${ipnum}" ]]; then printf "%s\n%s\n" "Are you connected to the internet?" "man dig could not find the IP address of: ${1}" return 1 fi OIFS=${IFS} IFS=$' \t\n' for ipaddr in ${ipnum//[[:cntrl:]]/ }; do /usr/bin/sudo /sbin/route -n add -host ${ipaddr} 127.0.0.1 -blackhole >/dev/null 2>&1 done export IFS=${OIFS} printf "%s\n" "... blocking internet access to site: ${1} with IP address: ${ipnum//[[:cntrl:]]/, }" return 0 } function unblocksite() { declare ipaddr ipnum if [[ "${1//localhost/}" == '' ]] || [[ "${1//127.0.0.1/}" == '' ]]; then printf "%s\n" 'Argument "localhost" is not permitted!' return 1 fi ipnum=$(/usr/bin/dig +short "${1}" | /usr/bin/sed -E -n -e 's/^(([[:digit:]]{1,3}\.){3}[[:digit:]]{1,3})$/\1/p'; exit ${PIPESTATUS[0]}) if [[ $? -ne 0 ]] || [[ -z "${ipnum}" ]]; then printf "%s\n%s\n" "Are you connected to the internet?" "man dig could not find the IP address of: ${1}" return 1 fi OIFS=${IFS} IFS=$' \t\n' for ipaddr in ${ipnum//[[:cntrl:]]/ }; do /usr/bin/sudo /sbin/route delete ${ipaddr} 127.0.0.1 >/dev/null 2>&1 done export IFS=${OIFS} printf "%s\n" "... unblocking internet access to site: ${1} with IP address: ${ipnum//[[:cntrl:]]/ }" return 0 } function unblockall() { declare ipaddr ipnums ipnums=$(/usr/sbin/netstat -rnf inet | /usr/bin/awk '{ if ( $2 == "127.0.0.1" && $3 == "UGHSB" ) print $1 }'; exit ${PIPESTATUS[0]}) if [[ $? -ne 0 ]] || [[ -z "${ipnums}" ]]; then printf "%s\x21\n" "No IP addresses to unblock" return 1 fi OIFS=${IFS} IFS=$' \t\n' for ipaddr in ${ipnums//[[:cntrl:]]/ }; do /usr/bin/sudo /sbin/route delete ${ipaddr} 127.0.0.1 >/dev/null 2>&1 done export IFS=${OIFS} printf "%s\n" "... unblocking internet access to IP addresses: ${ipnums//[[:cntrl:]]/ }" return 0 } function showblocked() { ipnums=$(/usr/sbin/netstat -rnf inet | /usr/bin/awk '{ if ( $2 == "127.0.0.1" && $3 == "UGHSB" ) print $1 }'; exit ${PIPESTATUS[0]}) printf "%s\n" "Blocked IP addresses: ${ipnums//[[:cntrl:]]/, }" return 0 } blocksite codesnippets.joyent.com netstat -rnf inet | grep UGHSB showblocked open http://codesnippets.joyent.com unblocksite codesnippets.joyent.com blocksite codesnippets.joyent.com blocksite www.google.com netstat -rnf inet | grep UGHSB showblocked open http://www.google.com unblockall
# cf. Example ipfw ruleset, http://codesnippets.joyent.com/posts/show/1267 # choose appropriate numbers for num1 & num2 according to your ipfw ruleset /usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ipfw list /usr/sbin/sysctl -n net.inet.ip.fw.autoinc_step function free_ipfw_rule_num() { declare -i num1=6701 num2=6799 lastipfwnum if [[ $(/usr/sbin/sysctl -n net.inet.ip.fw.autoinc_step) -ne 100 ]]; then printf "%s\x21\n" "sysctl -n net.inet.ip.fw.autoinc_step is not set to 100" return 1 fi lastipfwnum=$(/usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ipfw list | /usr/bin/tail -n 2 | /usr/bin/head -n 1 | /usr/bin/awk '{print $1}') if [[ $num2 -ge $lastipfwnum ]]; then printf "%s\x21\n" "${num2} is greater than or equal to ${lastipfwnum}" return 1 fi while $(/usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ipfw show ${num1} &>/dev/null) ; do let "num1 += 1" if [[ $num1 -gt $num2 ]]; then num1=; break; return 1; fi done printf "%s\n" "${num1}" return 0 } function openport() { declare portnum rulenum if [[ $# -ne 1 ]]; then printf "%s\n" "Wrong number of arguments: $#"; return 1; fi portnum="${1//[^[:digit:]]/}" if [[ -z $portnum ]]; then printf "%s\n" "No valid port number given: ${1}"; return 1; fi if [[ $portnum -gt 65535 ]]; then printf "%s\n" "Given port number is greater than 65535: ${portnum}"; return 1; fi rulenum=$(free_ipfw_rule_num) /usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ipfw -q add ${rulenum} allow all from any to any dst-port ${portnum} keep-state printf "%s\n" "... opening ipfw rule no. ${rulenum} for internet access via port ${portnum}" return 0 } function closeport() { declare portnum rulenum if [[ $# -ne 1 ]]; then printf "%s\n" "Wrong number of arguments: $#"; return 1; fi portnum="${1//[^[:digit:]]/}" if [[ -z $portnum ]]; then printf "%s\n" "No valid port number given: ${1}"; return 1; fi if [[ $portnum -gt 65535 ]]; then printf "%s\n" "Given port number is greater than 65535: ${portnum}"; return 1; fi rulenum=$(/usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ipfw list | /usr/bin/awk "/from +any +to +any +dst-port +${portnum} +keep-state[[:space:]]*$/ {print \$1}") if [[ -z "${rulenum}" ]]; then printf "%s\n" "No ipfw rule for port number: ${portnum}"; return 1; fi /usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ipfw -q delete ${rulenum} printf "%s\n%s\n" "... deleting ipfw rule no. ${rulenum//[[:cntrl:]]/ }" "... closing internet access via port: ${portnum}" return 0 } openport 43 openport 43 openport 43 /usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ipfw show [rulenum] # ... allow ip from any to any dst-port 43 keep-state closeport 43
defaults domains | tr ',' '\n' | nl defaults domains | tr ',' '\n' | grep -i network defaults find network | egrep '^Found' defaults find whois | egrep '^Found' defaults find server | egrep '^Found' defaults read com.apple.NetworkUtility defaults read ~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.NetworkUtility NUWhoisSelectedServer defaults read com.apple.NetworkUtility NUWhoisServers | awk -F '"' '/"/{print $2}' | nl defaults read com.apple.NetworkUtility NUWhoisServers | awk -F '"' '/"/{print $2}' | xargs -I '{}' \ bash -c 'ipaddr="$(/usr/bin/dig +short {})"; printf "%s\n" "${ipaddr//[[:cntrl:]]/, }"' defaults read com.apple.NetworkUtility NUWhoisServers | awk -F '"' '/"/{print $2}' | xargs -I '{}' \ bash -c 'ipaddr="$(/usr/bin/dig +short {})"; printf "%s -- %s\n" "{}" "${ipaddr//[[:cntrl:]]/, }"'
# See: # - http://osxutils.sourceforge.net # - http://www.sveinbjorn.org/osxutils_docs # - http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn1188.html /usr/local/bin/mkalias -r /path/to/file /path/to/mac-alias /usr/local/bin/hfsdata -e /path/to/mac-alias
# Load mod_jk module # Update this path to match your modules location LoadModule jk_module /usr/libexec/apache2/mod_jk.so # Where to find workers.properties # Update this path to match your conf directory location (put workers.properties next to httpd.conf) JkWorkersFile /private/etc/apache2/workers.properties # Where to put jk shared memory # Update this path to match your local state directory or logs directory JkShmFile /var/log/apache2/mod_jk.shm # Where to put jk logs # Update this path to match your logs directory location (put mod_jk.log next to access_log) JkLogFile /var/log/apache2/mod_jk.log # Set the jk log level [debug/error/info] JkLogLevel info # Select the timestamp log format JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] " # Send everything for context /examples to worker named ajp13 (ajp13) # These are determined by tomcat apache configuration, the path below determines which part of your site will serve .jsp files. JKMount /jqia/* ajp13
# # The workers that jk should create and work with # worker.list=ajp13 # # Defining a worker named ajp13 and of type ajp13 # Note that the name and the type do not have to match. # worker.ajp13.type=ajp13 worker.ajp13.host=localhost worker.ajp13.port=8009
# cf. Example ipfw ruleset, http://codesnippets.joyent.com/posts/show/1267 # choose appropriate numbers for num1 & num2 according to your ipfw ruleset /usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ipfw list /usr/sbin/sysctl -n net.inet.ip.fw.autoinc_step function free_ipfw_rule_num() { declare -i num1=6701 num2=6799 lastipfwnum if [[ $(/usr/sbin/sysctl -n net.inet.ip.fw.autoinc_step) -ne 100 ]]; then printf "%s\x21\n" "sysctl -n net.inet.ip.fw.autoinc_step is not set to 100" return 1 fi lastipfwnum=$(/usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ipfw list | /usr/bin/tail -n 2 | /usr/bin/head -n 1 | /usr/bin/awk '{print $1}') if [[ $num2 -ge $lastipfwnum ]]; then printf "%s\x21\n" "${num2} is greater than or equal to ${lastipfwnum}" return 1 fi while $(/usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ipfw show ${num1} &>/dev/null) ; do let "num1 += 1" if [[ $num1 -gt $num2 ]]; then num1=; break; return 1; fi done printf "%s\n" "${num1}" return 0 } function opensite() { declare ipnum ipfwnum if [[ $# -eq 0 ]] || [[ $# -gt 2 ]]; then printf "%s\n" "Wrong number of arguments: $#"; return 1; fi ipnum=$(/usr/bin/dig +short ${1} 2>/dev/null | /usr/bin/tail -n 1; exit ${PIPESTATUS[0]}) if [[ $? -ne 0 ]] || [[ -z "${ipnum}" ]]; then printf "%s\n%s\n" "Are you connected to the internet?" "man dig could not find the IP address of: ${1}" return 1 fi ipfwnum=$(free_ipfw_rule_num) if [[ $# -eq 1 ]]; then /usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ipfw -q add ${ipfwnum} allow { src-ip "${ipnum}" or dst-ip "${ipnum}" } keep-state printf "%s\n" "... opening ipfw rule no. ${ipfwnum} for internet access to site: ${1}" elif [[ $# -eq 2 ]]; then /usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ipfw -q add ${ipfwnum} allow { src-ip "${ipnum}" or dst-ip "${ipnum}" } dst-port "${2//[^[:digit:]]/}" keep-state printf "%s\n" "... opening ipfw rule no. ${ipfwnum} for internet access to site: ${1} on port ${2}" fi return 0 } function closesite() { declare ipnum rulenum if [[ "${1//localhost/}" == '' ]]; then printf "%s\n" 'Argument "localhost" is not permitted!'; return 1; fi ipnum=$(/usr/bin/dig +short "${1}" 2>/dev/null | /usr/bin/tail -n 1; exit ${PIPESTATUS[0]}) if [[ $? -ne 0 ]] || [[ -z "${ipnum}" ]]; then printf "%s\n%s\n" "Are you connected to the internet?" "man dig could not find the IP address of: ${1}" return 1 fi rulenum=$(/usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ipfw list | /usr/bin/awk "/${ipnum}/ {print \$1}") if [[ -z "${rulenum}" ]]; then printf "%s\n" "No ipfw rule for: ${1}"; return 1; fi /usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ipfw -q delete ${rulenum} printf "%s\n%s\n" "... deleting ipfw rule no. ${rulenum//[[:cntrl:]]/ }" "... closing internet access to site: ${1}" return 0 } # usage: # opensite [www.website.com] [optional: portnumber] # closesite [www.website.com] # example: http://wooledge.org:8000/BashFAQ host wooledge.org dig +short wooledge.org opensite wooledge.org opensite wooledge.org opensite wooledge.org opensite wooledge.org closesite wooledge.org opensite wooledge.org 8080 /usr/bin/sudo /sbin/ipfw show [rule no.] closesite wooledge.org #-------------------------------------------- man bash | less -p PIPESTATUS help set | sed -E "s/(pipefail)/$(printf '\e[1m\\1\e[m')/" set +o pipefail ls asx 2>&1 | egrep '.' echo $? ls asx 2>&1 | egrep '.' echo ${PIPESTATUS[*]} set -o pipefail ls asx 2>&1 | egrep '.' echo $? ls asx 2>&1 | egrep '.' echo ${PIPESTATUS[*]} # remove all non-numeric characters from a string str="74n237k ab454c e 4 6 6g6fg6d66d" echo ${#str} echo ${str} echo ${str//[^[:digit:]]/} # yet another way to the check the reachability of a web site man scutil scutil --help scutil -r www.website.com scutil -r 127.0.0.1 209.85.129.147
# qtplay & mpg123 export PATH="/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/lib:/opt/local/include:/opt/local/man:${PATH}" alias port=/opt/local/bin/port port list | grep -i audio port info qtplay port info mpg123 /usr/bin/sudo port -c install qtplay /usr/bin/sudo port -c install mpg123 mpg123 file.MP3 qtplay file.MP3 qtplay 'http://file.mp3' qtplay 'http://file.mov' # http://www.apple.com/trailers/ #----------------------------------------- # play, http://www.hieper.nl/html/play.html export PATH="/usr/local/bin:${PATH}" # create /usr/local/bin /usr/bin/sudo /bin/mkdir -p /usr/local/bin /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown root:wheel /usr/local /usr/local/bin /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod 0755 /usr/local /usr/local/bin cd ~/Desktop curl -L -O http://www.hieper.nl/downloads/play.dmg hdiutil mount ~/Desktop/play.dmg open -a Safari '/Volumes/play 1.3/readme.html' /usr/bin/sudo /bin/cp -i '/Volumes/play 1.3/play' /usr/local/bin ls -l /usr/local/bin/play hdiutil unmount '/Volumes/play 1.3' play ~/Music/Winterreise/Gute\ Nacht.mp3 # listen to the first 10 seconds of each Schubert song on your computer mdfind "kMDItemComposer == Schubert" | play -vt 10 #------------------------------------------------------------- # afplay # compile & install afplay and related command line audio tools (Mac OS X 10.4.11) # requires Xcode, http://developer.apple.com/tools/xcode/index.html ls -1 /usr/bin/af* # Mac OS X 10.5 ls -1 /usr/bin/au* # Mac OS X 10.4 open /Developer/Examples/CoreAudio/Services/AudioFileTools/AudioFileTools.xcodeproj # ... then just press "Build" ls -l /Developer/Examples/CoreAudio/Services/AudioFileTools/build/Development-Panther/* | nl ls -1 /Developer/Examples/CoreAudio/Services/AudioFileTools/build/Development-Panther/* | nl #/usr/bin/find /Developer/Examples/CoreAudio/Services/AudioFileTools/build/Development-Panther -mindepth 1 | \ # /usr/bin/xargs -I '{}' /usr/bin/sudo /bin/cp -i '{}' /usr/local/bin /bin/ls -1 /Developer/Examples/CoreAudio/Services/AudioFileTools/build/Development-Panther/* | \ /usr/bin/xargs -I '{}' /usr/bin/sudo /bin/cp -i '{}' /usr/local/bin ls -l /usr/local/bin/af* ls -l /usr/local/bin/au* afconvert afinfo afinterleave afplay afrecord auprocess auprofile # background music # cf. http://codesnippets.joyent.com/posts/show/1508 /usr/bin/screen -d -m afplay "/path/to/file.MP3" kill -HUP $$ kill -HUP $PPID killall -HUP Terminal apropos audio apropos sound # set global Mac OS X sound output volume # see http://osxutils.sourceforge.net man setvolume setvolume 50
# See: # http://osxutils.sourceforge.net # http://www.sveinbjorn.org/osxutils_docs cd ~/Desktop curl -L -O http://surfnet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/osxutils/osxutils1.7.pkg.zip unzip -qq osxutils1.7.pkg.zip open -a Installer osxutils1.7.pkg /bin/mkdir -p ~/Desktop/IconDir /bin/cp /Library/Desktop\ Pictures/Nature{/Ladybug.jpg,'/Evening Reflections.jpg'} ~/Desktop/IconDir /usr/bin/sips -i ~/Desktop/IconDir/* /usr/bin/touch ~/Desktop/IconDir/testfile.txt /bin/chmod 0777 ~/Desktop/IconDir/* ls -l ~/Desktop/IconDir/* open ~/Desktop/IconDir # set icon /usr/local/bin/seticon ~/Desktop/IconDir/Ladybug.jpg ~/Desktop/IconDir/testfile.txt # update file system changes of open Finder window /usr/local/bin/wsupdate ~/Desktop/IconDir/testfile.txt #/bin/mv ~/Desktop/IconDir{/testfile.txt,/tmp.txt} && /bin/mv ~/Desktop/IconDir{/tmp.txt,/testfile.txt} # set icon /usr/local/bin/seticon ~/Desktop/IconDir/'Evening Reflections'.jpg ~/Desktop/IconDir /usr/local/bin/wsupdate ~/Desktop/IconDir /bin/chmod -R 0755 ~/Desktop/IconDir ls -al ~/Desktop/IconDir/* # geticon sips -i file.jpg geticon -t icns file.jpg # list files with resource forks # cf. http://www.entropy.ch/blog/Mac+OS+X/2005/03/30/, # http://forums.macosxhints.com/showthread.php?t=70224 and # "can UNIX resolve OS X aliases?", http://forums.macosxhints.com/showthread.php?t=19960 cd ~/Desktop/IconDir ls -1 | while IFS= read -r i; do if [[ -s ${i}/..namedfork/rsrc ]]; then ls -l "${i}/..namedfork/rsrc"; fi; done find . -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -exec test -s {}/..namedfork/rsrc \; -print find . -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -exec test -s {}/..namedfork/rsrc \; -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 -I '{}' ls -l '{}'/..namedfork/rsrc find . -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -exec test -s {}/..namedfork/rsrc \; -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 -I '{}' sed -n -e 'l' '{}'/..namedfork/rsrc find . -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -exec test -s {}/..namedfork/rsrc \; -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 -I '{}' ruby -n -e 'p $_.to_s' '{}'/..namedfork/rsrc find . -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type f -exec test -s {}/..namedfork/rsrc \; -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 -I '{}' strings '{}'/..namedfork/rsrc # delete resource fork find . -type f -maxdepth 1 -exec test -s {}/..namedfork/rsrc \; -print0 | xargs -0 -I '{}' /bin/cp /dev/null '{}/..namedfork/rsrc' ditto --norsrc file.jpg{,.bak} ditto --norsrc file.jpg.bak file.jpg # some additional resource fork tools man Rez man DeRez man RezWack # create a flattened file from resource and data fork man UnRezWack man SplitForks man FixupResourceForks /Developer/Tools/Rez --help /Developer/Tools/DeRez --help /Developer/Tools/RezWack --help /Developer/Tools/UnRezWack --help /Developer/Tools/SplitForks --help /System/Library/CoreServices/FixupResourceForks --help ls -1 /Developer/Tools/* /Developer/Tools/RezDet --help /Developer/Tools/RezDet -d file; echo $? /Developer/Tools/RezDet -s file; echo $? man CpMac | less -N -j -9 -p 'As of Mac OS X 10.4' man MvMac | less -N -j -11 -p 'As of Mac OS X 10.4' # http://tclresource.sourceforge.net man tclresource
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