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Switching firewall settings from the command line

Provided that you have specified different firewalls in /usr/local/sbin/ (based on customized versions of a basic IPFW ruleset) you can easily switch between different firewall settings from the command line.

First create the different firewall settings & files:
# find /usr/local/sbin -name "*firewall"

/usr/local/sbin/rc.firewall         # default firewall setting
/usr/local/sbin/rc-ftp.firewall     # FTP firewall setting (enable FTP rules)
/usr/local/sbin/rc-ssh.firewall     # SSH firewall setting (enable SSH rules)
/usr/local/sbin/rc-SL.firewall      # Second Life firewall setting (enable Second Life rules)
/usr/local/sbin/rc-r.firewall       # restrictive firewall setting, cf. http://prefetch.net/blog/index.php/2006/08/13/locking-down-the-os-x-firewall/


Then:
# $ cat $HOME/.bash_login

function fwdef() { /usr/bin/sudo  /usr/local/sbin/rc.firewall; }     
function fwftp() { /usr/bin/sudo  /usr/local/sbin/rc-ftp.firewall; } 
function fwssh() { /usr/bin/sudo  /usr/local/sbin/rc-ssh.firewall; } 
function fwsl() { /usr/bin/sudo  /usr/local/sbin/rc-SL.firewall; }   
function fwr() { /usr/bin/sudo  /usr/local/sbin/rc-r.firewall; }     

#----------------

# in Terminal.app

source $HOME/.bash_login 
fwdef
fwftp
fwssh
fwsl
fwr

to shell osx mac bash unix ipfw firewall ruleset switch by jv on Dec 07, 2007

Example ipfw ruleset

Author: jv
License: The MIT License, Copyright (c) 2007 jv
Description: basic ipfw ruleset for a personal firewall (behind a DSL router); the given ipfw ruleset aims to protect only a single computer as a network (LAN) endpoint, it does not know the dynamic WAN IP address; use at your own risk.
Platform: Mac OS X 10.4.11
Installation:


mkdir -p /usr/local/sbin

sudo touch /usr/local/sbin/rc.firewall
sudo touch /Library/LaunchDaemons/firewall.plist

sudo chmod 0750 /usr/local/sbin/rc.firewall
sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/sbin/rc.firewall
sudo chmod 700 /Library/LaunchDaemons/firewall.plist
sudo chown root:wheel /Library/LaunchDaemons/firewall.plist

sudo nano /usr/local/sbin/rc.firewall
sudo nano /Library/LaunchDaemons/firewall.plist

sudo launchctl list
sudo launchctl load -w /Library/LaunchDaemons/firewall.plist
sudo launchctl unload -w /Library/LaunchDaemons/firewall.plist


Some useful network commands:


system_profiler SPNetworkDataType

scutil --help
scutil --dns

ipconfig getpacket en0
ipconfig getifaddr en0                        # private IP address
ipconfig getoption en0 router                 # router IP address
ipconfig getpacket en0 server_identifier
ipconfig getoption en0 subnet_mask                    
ipconfig getoption en0 domain_name_server             
ifconfig en0 | grep broadcast | awk '{print $NF}'     

netstat -rn | grep default
netstat -rn | awk '/default/ { print $NF, $2 }'

ifconfig -l   # available interfaces
ifconfig -u
ifconfig -ld
ifconfig -lu
ifconfig -u | grep inet | tail -n 1 | grep -Eo  '([[:digit:]]{1,3}\.){3}[[:digit:]]{1,3}'

route -n get default
scselect 2>&1 | awk '/^ *\*/ {print $NF}' | sed -E 's/^\((.*)\)$/\1/'

dig -x 17.112.152.32

# dynamic WAN IP address
curl -L -s --max-time 10 http://checkip.dyndns.org | grep -Eo 'Current IP Address: [[:digit:]\.]+'


ipfw rules in /usr/local/sbin/rc.firewall:


# $ sudo cat /usr/local/sbin/rc.firewall

#!/bin/sh 

exec >/dev/console 2>&1   # write stdout & stderr to console.log in /Library/Logs/Console/

if [[ "$(/usr/bin/id -u)" != "0" ]]; then echo "Must be run as root!"; exit 1; fi

OPATH=$PATH
export PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin

OIFS=$IFS
export IFS=$' \t\n'

sysctl="/usr/sbin/sysctl -w"

$sysctl net.inet.ip.fw.enable=1  
$sysctl net.inet.ip.fw.verbose=2   
$sysctl net.inet.ip.fw.verbose_limit=65535  
if [[ -n $(/usr/sbin/sysctl -a | grep -o 'net.inet6.ip6.fw.enable:') ]]; then $sysctl net.inet6.ip6.fw.enable=1; fi
$sysctl net.inet6.ip6.fw.verbose=2  
$sysctl net.inet6.ip6.fw.verbose_limit=65535  
$sysctl net.inet.icmp.icmplim=1024  
$sysctl net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect=1  
$sysctl net.inet.icmp.log_redirect=1  
$sysctl net.inet.icmp.bmcastecho=0  
$sysctl net.inet.icmp.maskrepl=0  
$sysctl net.inet.ip.redirect=0  
$sysctl net.inet.ip.sourceroute=0  
$sysctl net.inet.ip.accept_sourceroute=0  
$sysctl net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=0  
$sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=0  
$sysctl net.inet.tcp.strict_rfc1948=1  
$sysctl net.inet.tcp.rfc1323=1  
$sysctl net.inet.tcp.rfc1644=1  
$sysctl net.inet.udp.blackhole=1  
$sysctl net.inet.udp.log_in_vain=1  
$sysctl net.inet.tcp.blackhole=2  
$sysctl net.inet.tcp.log_in_vain=1  
$sysctl net.inet.ip.fw.debug=1  
$sysctl net.inet.ip.fw.autoinc_step=100  
$sysctl net.inet.ip.check_interface=1  
$sysctl net.inet.tcp.drop_synfin=1  
$sysctl net.link.ether.inet.log_arp_warnings=1   
$sysctl net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_keepalive=0  
$sysctl kern.coredump=0  


# redirect ipfw log messages to /private/var/log/ipfw.log for use
# with tools such as GeekTool, http://projects.tynsoe.org/en/geektool/
# requirement: $sysctl net.inet.ip.fw.verbose=2

if [[ -e "/usr/libexec/ipfwloggerd" ]]; then /usr/libexec/ipfwloggerd; fi
 
# close firewall during setup ...
#/sbin/ipfw -f -q add 1 deny all from any to any

# allow traffic on loopback interface during booting process (cf. firewall.plist launchd item) or for setting up uid rules, etc.
/sbin/ipfw -f -q add 1 allow all from any to any via lo0     
/sbin/ipfw -f -q add 2 deny all from any to any     


# ... and delete previous rules (but not those with id < 100)
# cf. http://maxao.free.fr/index.php?itemid=27 and curl -O http://maxao.free.fr/telechargements/firewall_startupitem.tgz

old_rules=`/sbin/ipfw list | /usr/bin/awk '{ if($1 >= 100 && $1 != 65535) print $1 }' | /usr/bin/uniq`

for rule in $old_rules; do 
   /sbin/ipfw -q delete $rule 
done


IF="en0"     # interface

add_rule="/sbin/ipfw -q add"

# logging traffic for testing or debugging only 
# cf. $sysctl net.inet.ip.fw.autoinc_step=100

#$add_rule skipto 110 log all from any to any                    # log all traffic
#$add_rule skipto 210 log all from any 67-68 to any              # DHCP
#$add_rule skipto 310 log all from any to any 67-68
#$add_rule skipto 410 log all from any to any 53                 # DNS
#$add_rule skipto 510 log all from any to any 5353               # log all mDNS traffic
#$add_rule skipto 610 log all from any to 224.0.0.251 5353         
#$add_rule skipto 710 log all from any 5353 to any 5353         
$add_rule skipto 810 log all from any to 239.255.255.253 427     # multicast address for Service Location Protocol (SLP)    
$add_rule skipto 910 log all from any to any 427
$add_rule skipto 1010 log igmp from any to any                   # log all igmp traffic
$add_rule skipto 1110 log all from any to any bridged            # log forwarded packets
$add_rule skipto 1210 log layer2 mac-type arp                    # log ARP requests
$add_rule skipto 1310 log icmp from any to any                   # ICMP

$add_rule 2000 check-state


# limit the overall number of concurrent TCP sessions per unique source address
#$add_rule allow tcp from any to any via $IF setup limit src-addr 50 


# ICMP
$add_rule allow icmp from me to any icmptypes 8 out via $IF keep-state     # allow ping out
$add_rule allow icmp from any to me icmptypes 0 in via $IF keep-state
$add_rule allow icmp from any to any icmptypes 3,4 keep-state            
$add_rule deny log icmp from any to any

$add_rule allow all from any to any via lo0 keep-state    
$add_rule deny log ip from 127.0.0.0/8 to any in
$add_rule deny log ip from any to 127.0.0.0/8 in       
$add_rule deny log ip from 224.0.0.0/3 to any in       
$add_rule deny log tcp from any to 224.0.0.0/3 in      
$add_rule deny log tcp from any 0 to any
$add_rule deny log tcp from any to any 0
$add_rule deny log udp from any 0 to any
$add_rule deny log udp from any to any 0
$add_rule deny log not udp from 0.0.0.0/8 to any

$add_rule 5000 skipto 5200 esp from any to any via $IF keep-state    

$add_rule deny log all from any to any in frag  
 
$add_rule deny log tcp from any to any established
#$add_rule deny log tcp from any to any established in

# block some invalid TCP flag combinations
$add_rule deny log tcp from any to any tcpflags '!fin,!syn,!ack,!rst,!psh,!urg' keep-state     
$add_rule deny log tcp from any to any tcpflags '!syn,fin,!ack,!rst,!psh,!urg' keep-state
$add_rule deny log tcp from any to any tcpflags '!syn,!fin,!ack' keep-state
$add_rule deny log tcp from any to any tcpflags syn,fin keep-state     # cf. net.inet.tcp.drop_synfin=1
$add_rule deny log tcp from any to any tcpflags ack,urg keep-state
$add_rule deny log tcp from any to any tcpflags syn,rst keep-state
$add_rule deny log tcp from any to any tcpflags fin,rst keep-state
$add_rule deny log tcp from any to any tcpflags fin,psh,urg keep-state 
$add_rule deny log tcp from any to any tcpflags fin,psh keep-state
$add_rule deny log tcp from any to any tcpflags fin,urg keep-state
$add_rule deny log tcp from any to any tcpflags 'urg,!ack' keep-state
$add_rule deny log tcp from any to any tcpflags 'psh,!ack' keep-state
$add_rule deny log tcp from any to any tcpflags 'fin,!ack' keep-state
$add_rule deny log tcp from any to any tcpflags 'rst,!ack' keep-state
$add_rule deny log ip from any to any ipoptions rr,ts,lsrr,ssrr keep-state

# block blacklisted IP addresses
# http://www.stopforumspam.com/downloads/bannedips.csv
# http://danger.rulez.sk/projects/bruteforceblocker/blist.php (SSH bruteforce attacks blacklist)
# also see http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man8/afctl.8.html (for Mac OS X Server only)

$add_rule deny log src-ip 222.35.3.136
$add_rule deny log src-ip 202.54.130.157
$add_rule deny log src-ip 219.237.17.161
$add_rule deny log src-ip 122.160.64.237
$add_rule deny log src-ip 216.42.81.141 
$add_rule deny log src-ip 216.42.81.143
$add_rule deny log src-ip 211.0.0.0/8
$add_rule deny log src-ip 80.116.0.0/16
$add_rule deny log src-ip 207.103.247.50
$add_rule deny log src-ip 221.0.0.0/8
$add_rule deny log src-ip 220.0.0.0/8
$add_rule deny log src-ip 80.117.0.0/16
$add_rule deny log src-ip 210.0.0.0/8
$add_rule deny log src-ip 217.0.149.0/24

# enable DHCP initialization (DSL router)
# get the router IP address by using the command: ipconfig getoption en0 router
# this rule should precede the automated anti-spoofing rule
$add_rule allow udp from $(/usr/sbin/ipconfig getoption $IF router 2>/dev/null || /bin/echo any) 67 to 255.255.255.255 68 via $IF keep-state   

# also DHCP initialization, cf. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol
$add_rule allow udp from 0.0.0.0 68 to 255.255.255.255 67  keep-state
$add_rule deny log all from 0.0.0.0/8 to any keep-state

$add_rule deny log ip from any to any not verrevpath in     # automated anti-spoofing

# allow some multicast traffic 
#$add_rule allow { igmp or udp } from any to 224.0.0.0/3 via $IF keep-state  # for debugging only
$add_rule allow { igmp or udp } from me 5353 to 224.0.0.251 5353 out via $IF keep-state
$add_rule allow { igmp or udp } from me to { 224.0.0.1 or 224.0.0.2 } out via $IF keep-state
$add_rule allow { igmp or udp } from me to 224.0.0.251 out via $IF keep-state

$add_rule deny log all from any to 224.0.0.0/3 keep-state

# generic DNS & DHCP rules
$add_rule allow udp from me to any 53 out keep-state                   # DNS
$add_rule allow udp from any 53 to me in keep-state                  

$add_rule allow udp from any to any 67-68 via $IF keep-state           # DHCP
$add_rule allow udp from any 67-68 to any via $IF keep-state


#------------------------------------

# alternative DNS & DHCP rules with specified IP addresses
# compare the output of the following commands online & offline

# alternative DNS rule with specified IP addresses
# sudo scutil --dns | awk '/nameserver/ { print $3 }' | sort | uniq | grep -E '^[[:digit:]\.]+$'

#DNS_SERVERS="{ 224.0.0.251 or xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx or xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx }"
#$add_rule allow udp from me to ${DNS_SERVERS} 53 out via $IF keep-state

# alternative DHCP rule with specified IP addresses
# ipconfig getoption en0 router (use when online)
#DHCP="{ me or xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx or 255.255.255.255 or 0.0.0.0 }"
#$add_rule allow udp from $DHCP 67 to $DHCP 68 in via $IF keep-state
#$add_rule allow udp from $DHCP 68 to $DHCP 67 out via $IF keep-state

#$add_rule deny log ip from any to any not verrevpath in      # automated anti-spoofing

#------------------------------------


$add_rule allow { igmp or udp } from any to 224.0.0.0/3 via $IF keep-state
$add_rule deny log all from any to 224.0.0.0/3 via $IF keep-state


# grep -i ' 873' /etc/services
# grep -i 'IRC' /etc/services
# http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=106439 (known ports)
# defaults read /Library/Preferences/com.apple.sharing.firewall


$add_rule allow udp from me to any 123 out via $IF uid root keep-state                    # allow root to query ntpd
#$add_rule allow udp from me to any 123 out via $IF uid root                            
#$add_rule allow udp from any 123 to me in via $IF uid root

$add_rule allow udp from me to 239.255.255.253 427 out via $IF keep-state               # svrloc (Service Location Protocol; Bonjour)
#$add_rule allow udp from any to any 427 in via $IF keep-state

$add_rule allow udp from me to any 194,529,994 out via $IF keep-state                   # IRC (Internet Relay Chat Protocol), IRC-SERV, IRC over TLS/SSL
$add_rule allow tcp from me to any 194,529,994 out via $IF setup keep-state

$add_rule allow { tcp or udp } from me to any 6667 out via $IF keep-state               # Colloqy, http://colloquy.info/project/wiki/FAQs
$add_rule allow { tcp or udp } from any 6667 to me in via $IF keep-state

$add_rule allow udp from me to any 873 out via $IF keep-state                           # rsync; try /opt/local/bin/port list (http://www.macports.org)
$add_rule allow tcp from me to any 873 out via $IF setup keep-state                        

#SECOND_LIFE="{ 63.210.156.0/21 or 66.150.244.0/24 or 64.129.40.0/21 }"                  # Second Life
#$add_rule allow udp from me to $SECOND_LIFE out via $IF keep-state
#$add_rule allow udp from $SECOND_LIFE to me in via $IF keep-state
#$add_rule allow tcp from me to $SECOND_LIFE out via $IF setup keep-state
#$add_rule allow tcp from $SECOND_LIFE to me in via $IF setup keep-state

$add_rule allow tcp from me to any 80,443 out via $IF setup keep-state                  # HTTP, HTTPS
$add_rule allow tcp from me to any 8080,16080 out via $IF setup keep-state              # Alternate port for Apache, Web service with performance cache
$add_rule allow tcp from me to any 8000 out via $IF setup keep-state                    # cf. http://wooledge.org:8000/BashFAQ

$add_rule allow tcp from me to any 25 out via $IF setup keep-state                      # SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol)
#$add_rule allow tcp from any 25 to me in via $IF setup keep-state

POP3="110,995"
POP3="109,110,473,995,3206"
$add_rule allow udp from me to any $POP3 out via $IF keep-state                         # POP3, POP3S   
$add_rule allow udp from any $POP3 to me in via $IF keep-state        
$add_rule allow tcp from me to any $POP3 out via $IF setup keep-state        
$add_rule allow tcp from any $POP3 to me in via $IF setup keep-state        

#$add_rule allow { tcp or udp } from me to any 110,995 out via $IF keep-state           # POP3, POP3S alternative
#$add_rule allow { tcp or udp } from any 110,995 to me in via $IF keep-state         

$add_rule allow udp from me to any 143,993 out via $IF keep-state                       # IMAP, IMAPS   
$add_rule allow udp from any 143,993 to me in via $IF keep-state        
$add_rule allow tcp from me to any 143,993 out via $IF setup keep-state        
$add_rule allow tcp from any 143,993 to me in via $IF setup keep-state        

#$add_rule allow udp from any 5353 to 224.0.0.251 5353 in via $IF keep-state            # Bonjour multicast (already allowed above)
$add_rule allow tcp from me to any 3689 out via $IF setup keep-state                    # iTunes Music Sharing         
$add_rule allow tcp from any 3689 to me in via $IF setup keep-state

#$add_rule allow udp from me to any 137,138,139 out via $IF keep-state                   # Samba
#$add_rule allow udp from any 137,138,139 to me in via $IF keep-state
#$add_rule allow tcp from me to any 137,138,139 out via $IF keep-state setup           
#$add_rule allow tcp from any 137,138,139 to me in via $IF keep-state setup           


$add_rule allow udp from me to any isakmp in via $IF keep-state                         # Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol; IPsec
$add_rule allow udp from any to me isakmp out via $IF keep-state

$add_rule allow { gre or esp or ipencap } from me to any out keep-state                 # VPN
$add_rule allow { gre or esp or ipencap } from any to me in keep-state                  # cf. rule 5000 for esp above; and http://www.maclive.net/sid/132


#$add_rule allow tcp from any to any dst-port 20,21 via $IF setup keep-state           # FTP;  limit src-addr 10
#$add_rule allow tcp from any to any 1024-65535 via $IF setup keep-state               # cf. sysctl -a | grep net.inet.ip.portrange
#$add_rule allow tcp from any to any 49152-65534 in via $IF setup keep-state         # cf. http://forums.the-kingdom.net/viewtopic.php?t=92

#$add_rule allow tcp from me 22 to any out via $IF setup limit src-addr 4                # SSH
#$add_rule allow tcp from any to me 22 in via $IF setup limit src-addr 4             

#$add_rule allow tcp from me 23 to any out via $IF setup limit src-addr 4               # Telnet
#$add_rule allow tcp from any to me 23 in via $IF setup limit src-addr 4                 

$add_rule deny log all from any to any
#$add_rule allow all from any to any

# setup finished : reopen firewall
#/sbin/ipfw delete 1

/sbin/ipfw delete 1
/sbin/ipfw delete 2


# IPv6 Firewall

# close firewall during setup
#/sbin/ip6fw -q add 1 deny ipv6 from any to any

# allow traffic on loopback interface during booting process (cf. firewall.plist launchd item) or for setting up uid rules, etc.
/sbin/ip6fw -q add 1 allow all from any to any via lo0
/sbin/ip6fw -q add 2 deny ipv6 from any to any

# delete previous rules (but not those with id < 100)
old_rules_ip6=`/sbin/ip6fw list | /usr/bin/awk '{ if($1 >= 100 && $1 != 65535) print $1 }' | /usr/bin/uniq`

for rule_ip6 in $old_rules_ip6; do 
   /sbin/ip6fw -q delete $rule_ip6 
done;

/sbin/ip6fw -q add deny log ipv6 from any to any

#/sbin/ip6fw delete 1

/sbin/ip6fw delete 1
/sbin/ip6fw delete 2

export IFS=$OIFS
export PATH=$OPATH

exit 0


firewall.plist launchd item:


# $ sudo cat /Library/LaunchDaemons/firewall.plist

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
   <dict>
        <key>Labelkey>
        com.apple.firewall</string>
        <key>ProgramArgumentskey>
        
                /usr/local/sbin/rc.firewallstring>
        </array>
        <key>RunAtLoadkey>
        />
        <key>UserNamekey>
        root</string>
   dict>
</plist>



Further information:

- man ipfw
- Well Known TCP and UDP ports used by Apple software products
- Port Numbers
- Internet Multicast Addresses
- Multicast DNS
- OSX Firewall
- Le firewall ipfw
- Stateful OS X firewall
- Advanced Firewall Configuration
- ipfw Rules (for Mac OS X 10.5)
- Setting up firewall rules on Mac OS X
- Sample ipfw firewall ruleset
- IPFW Rule Sets - Stateful + NATD Rule Set
- 101 FreeBSD Ipfw resources
- Sysctl Node Analyser Table
- FAQ: Firewall Forensics (What am I seeing?)
- Exploring the Mac OS X Firewall
- Firewalls For Beginners
- Firewall Q&A
- Abnormal IP Packets
- TCP/IP Suite Weaknesses
- ICMP Stands For Trouble
- IPGadget - TCP/IP address calculator
- Superior Ad Blocking on OS X
- Switching firewall settings from the command line

to osx mac ipfw firewall ruleset by jv on Nov 20, 2007
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